Name _______________________	STUDY GUIDE	Use with Text Pages 416–421

How Solutions Form

In each of the following statements, a term has been scrambled. Unscramble the term and write it on the line provided.

______________________ 1. Solid solutions composed of metals usually are called loyals.

______________________ 2. When the particles of a mixture are evenly distributed throughout, the mixture is housenogeom.

______________________ 3. In a solution of sugar and water, the water is the notvels.

______________________ 4. In a solution of salt and water, the salt is the stoleu.

______________________ 5. Grinding a solid solute increases its farceus area.

______________________ 6. A gas dissolves best in a liquid solvent when the solution is under high spursere.

Circle the term in each set that is least related to the others. Then write a sentence explaining how the remaining terms are related. Compare your answers to those of your classmates. There may be more than one correct set of relationships. An

swers may vary. Accept al sure

1. solute, solution, ion, solvent ___________________________________________________

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2. stir, grind, heat, hydrate _______________________________________________________

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3. dental amalgam, soda, sterling silver, brass ________________________________________

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4. metal, air, alloy, solid _________________________________________________________

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5. club soda, sugar water, vinegar, brass ____________________________________________

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6. air, gas, nitrogen, carbon ______________________________________________________

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Regulating Organic Solvents

Determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. If the statement is true, write the word “true” in the space provided. If the statement is false, write in the blank the term that makes the statement true.

________________________ 1. Scientists warn that buildings in which people live may be hazardous to their health because of the number of potentially harmful chemicals found in materials used in construction and appliances.

________________________ 2. Glues, paint remover, paint and varnish thinners, and some caulking compounds and carpeting contain organic solvents.

________________________ 3. Organic solvents produce fumes because they freeze easily.

________________________ 4. Organic solvents cannot enter the body by being absorbed through the skin.

________________________ 5. Organic solvents can enter the body by inhaling their fumes.

________________________ 6. The nervous system is known to be affected by organic solvents.

________________________ 7. A few organic solvents have been shown to cause cancer.

________________________ 8. The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established regulations for anyone exposed to health-threatening solvents.

________________________ 9. The Consumer Products Safety Commission, a private agency, requires labels on all corrosive or flammable chemicals.

________________________ 10. Good ventilation is required when working with materials

Solubility and Concentration

In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that correctly completes each statement.

_____ 1. The maximum number of grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a certain temperature is the ____ of the solute.

a. solubility	b. dilution

_____ 2. Different substances have ____ solubilities.

a. different	b. the same

_____ 3. The concentration of a mixture of two or more liquids is expressed as a percentage by ____.

a. mass	b. volume

_____ 4. A solution that has dissolved all the solute it can hold at a given temperature is ____ .

a. unsaturated	b. saturated

_____ 5. As the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, the amount of solid solute that can be dissolved in the solvent ____ .

a. increases	b. decreases

_____ 6. Any solution that can hold more solute at a given temperature is ____ .

a. unsaturated	b. saturated

_____ 7. Each time a saturated solution is heated to a higher temperature, it becomes ____ .

a. unsaturated	b. supersaturated

_____ 8. A solution that contains more solute than a saturated one at a given temperature is ____ .

a. unsaturated	b. supersaturated

_____ 9. Lines on a graph that show how much solute a solvent can hold at a given temperature are called ____ .

a. solution graphs	b. solubility curves

_____ 10. The concentration of a solid solute in a liquid solvent is expressed as a percentage by ____ .

a. mass	b. volume

_____ 11. A solution that has 4 g of KCl dissolved in 100 mL of water is ____ compared to a solution that has 30 g of KCl dissolved in 100 mL of water.

a. dilute	b. concentrated

_____ 12. One mL of water has a mass of ____ .

a. one gram	b. one kilogram

Solubility and Concentration

Use the information in the table to graph the solubility curves for barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 ; copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4 ; potassium chloride, KCl; and sodium nitrate, NaNO3 . Use a different colored pencil for each compound.

Use the information in the table and your graph to answer the following questions.

1. At about what temperature will 100 g of water dissolve equal amounts of potassium chloride and barium hydroxide? ____________________________________________________________________________

2. At about what temperature will 37 g of both copper(II) sulfate and potassium chloride dissolve in 100 g of water? ____________________________________________________________________________

3. If 100 g of sodium nitrate are dissolved in 100 g of water at 60°C, is the solution formed saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? ___________________________________________________________________________

4. If 32 g of copper(II) sulfate are dissolved in 100 g of water at 20°C, is the solution produced saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? ___________________________________________________________________________